Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their perspective on human character Presentation: The importance of character Personality is a term that alludes to remarkable, generally stable parts of a given character . Character typically manages a wide scope of human conduct. To most scholars, one can presume that character incorporates for all intents and purposes everything about an individual: mental, passionate, social, and physical. It merits referencing that there are sure parts of people that may not be observable.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their perspective on human character explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More These incorporate angles, for example, contemplations, recollections and dreams. Then again, there are sure perspectives which are noticeable. These incorporate unmistakable activities. Likewise, character additionally incorporates perspectives which may be disguised to oneself. These are named as cognizant or oblivious angles which are regularly inside our mindful ness. Speculations of character There are numerous hypotheses which have been put across trying to clarify the idea of a man. It is significant the way that there are four rules that a hypothesis of character ought to fulfill: depiction, clarification, forecast and control of conduct. Human conduct can be viewed as very confounded. For this situation, a cognizant and clear hypothesis empowers an individual to have the option to bring request out of this mayhem. A decent character hypothesis clarifies the wonders under examination. It offers answers to such noteworthy inquiries as the reasons for singular contrasts in character, why individuals are diverse in their own privilege and furthermore why others appear to be neurotic when contrasted with others. To most therapists, the litmus trial of a hypothesis is the capacity of the hypothesis to anticipate future occasions and practices among the individuals. A significant hypothesis as a rule prompts significant down to earth applicat ions. It encourages control and change of the earth, for instance, by achieving better procedures of child rearing, training, or even psychotherapy. There are a few speculations which have been proposed in this light. These speculations have been proposed by a few analysts who have endeavored to clarify the idea of man. For this situation, we will be taking a gander at two primary scholars. These are Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. The Psychoanalytic hypothesis Freud named his hypothesis Psychoanalysis. This term is additionally used to signify the type of psychotherapy that Freud started. Basically, this hypothesis depends on the conviction that individuals could be restored when their musings, which were oblivious, were brought to a cognizant state and in this way they had the option to know what they were going through.Advertising Looking for research paper on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was significant in light of the fact that it empowered them to pick up knowledge of what they were experiencing over the span of life. The primary focal point of this hypothesis was to empower individuals to discharge quelled feelings and encounters. Psychoanalytic hypothesis is a hypothesis which depends on the idea that powers propelling conduct is gotten from the oblivious mental procedures. The regular event of discernment infers that quite a bit of our character is as a rule past what we can call our quick mindfulness. Freud inferred that the majority of our character which was to a great extent impacted by our psychological action was oblivious. This suggests it can't be brought to mind even with extraordinary exertion. Data that isn't cognizant at a given second, however which can promptly turn out to be in this way, is portrayed as preconscious. The preconscious is viewed as nearer to the cognizant on the grounds that it is to a great extent inside our control. Freud’s significant h ypotheses of the psyche follow. The topographic hypothesis of the psyche For this situation, the brain is comprised of the oblivious brain. This brain contains curbed contemplations and emotions. These emotions and considerations are typically inaccessible to the oblivious brain. For this situation, essential procedure is a sort of reasoning which is related with crude drives, wish satisfaction and joy. This doesn't include rationale and time. Then again, the fantasies speak to satisfaction of the oblivious instinctual motivations and wish satisfaction. Furthermore, the preconscious mind contains recollections that, in spite of the fact that not promptly accessible, they can be gotten to by the cognizant psyche. Finally, the cognizant psyche contains considerations that an individual is right now mindful of however doesn't approach the oblivious brain. The auxiliary hypothesis of the psyche According to this hypothesis, the brain is partitioned into three sections. That is the id, i nner self and superego. The id is normally present during childbirth. This speaks to the instinctual drives that an individual has. These incorporate the sexual desires and drives. Likewise, this basic segment is portrayed with joy guideline. Generally, the id isn't impacted by conditions that may be occurring in the outer condition by any means. The self image starts to create during childbirth. This part controls the id so as to adjust to the progressions which are occurring outside the world. The segment utilizes reality testing so as to understand what is happening the world over. It brings a harmony between the super sense of self and id throughout life.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their perspective on human character explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The superego is a part which starts to create around 6 years old. It is the part which controls the id. It is normally connected with the virtue s and the heart. The intra-clairvoyant clash happens or happens among the parts of the psyche. That is, the id, sense of self and super personality. This contention is generally an immediate consequence of conduct which may require avocation so as to get balance. These contentions now and again lead to changes in character as an individual creates and figures out how to adapt to the occasions inside the earth. Character advancement Sigmund Freud created five phases which he contended decided how a person’s character creates after some time. As indicated by this hypothesis, when a kid is conceived, their focal point of joy rotates on the mouth. This is related with exercises, for example, nursing, biting and gnawing. From one to three years, the focuses of delight move to the butt-centric. This suggests the youngster determines her wellspring of joy through pooping. The third stage is the phallic stage; this happens between three to six years. During this stage, the kids infer sexual delight through invigorating their privates. At this stage, the Electra and Oedipus buildings develop. The fourth stage is the dormancy stage. During this stage, the sexual inclinations are rechanneled to class work. The youngster, at this stage, disguises cultural qualities and the earth where one develops. In conclusion, there is the genital stage, this is set apart by the development of puberty. It is significant that as indicated by this hypothesis, when an individual doesn't satisfy the requests and delights at each stage, the individual becomes focused. A portion of these qualities later develop in adulthood. Use of therapy This is a restorative methodology which uses different procedures so as to guarantee that the customer is appropriately rewarded. These methodologies incorporate free affiliation, opposition investigation, transference examination and dream investigation. These strategies are utilized to treat nervousness issue, for example, fears. What's more, thes e strategies are utilized to treat individuals who have despondency. In this methodology, treatment is a procedure which involves urging the customer to talk and offer their encounters. Notwithstanding, there is alert with regards to managing transference and counter-transference issues when managing a client.Advertising Searching for research project on brain science? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Analysis as a logical hypothesis The logical status of this hypothesis has been under investigation by many. This discussion has been seething on. This is on the grounds that the premise of this hypothesis is on the oblivious exercises. These are exercises which are not exact. Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology Carl Jung was a Swiss therapist, called his new methodology Analytical Psychology. This was done so he could separate it from Freud’s psychoanalytic hypothesis. Like Freud, he underlined the oblivious determinants of character. Nonetheless, he had an alternate way to deal with the situation when he suggested that the oblivious comprises of two layers. The main layer, he considered it the Personal Unconscious, is basically equivalent to Freud’s adaptation of the oblivious. As per Jung, the individual oblivious houses material from one’s life that is inside one’s cognizant mindfulness since it has been subdued or overlooked. What's more, Jung guessed th at the presence of a more profound layer he called the Collective Unconscious. Basically, the aggregate oblivious is a storage facility of dormant memory follows acquired from people’s familial past that is imparted to the whole human race. Jung called these hereditary recollections Archetypes. They are not recollections of genuine individual encounters. Rather, paradigms are genuinely charged pictures and thought frames that have all inclusive significance. These prototype pictures and thoughts show up much of the time in dreams and are frequently showed in culture’s utilization of images in workmanship, writing, and religion. Jung felt that a comprehension of original images helped him comprehend extraordinary worry to him since he relied widely upon dream investigation in his treatment of patients. Let us have a definite gander at this hypothesis. Treatment Jung contribu

Purpose of the Product Essay Example

Reason for the Product Essay Example Reason for the Product Essay Reason for the Product Essay Shearer 1 didnt sell quite well, however Paul Porter asserted this wasnt the reason for that specific item. What was the motivation behind the item? It was intended to get the network to perceive that Kodak truly comprehends what Its doing with regards to computerized innovation. Kodak gives close consideration to the commercial center and what's going on riches social patterns. They inquire about shopper needs, innovation needs and business needs through a progression of social Interactions with customers. This may incorporate originators and business look into faculty going out to the general population to do meeting with customers or creating center gathering programs or ethnographic research to recognize what those shopper needs are. Through this data of fine subtleties, the planners start to create relative plan answers for precisely what the purchaser said alongside inconvenience shooting or speculatively speculating regarding where the pattern of item plans will lead, hence making innovation needs progressively material inside brief timeframe outlines and organizing new thoughts that maybe the shopper hadnt thought of yet. This thus supplies the requirements of the market furiously on the grounds that It gives a front line on the attractive innovation and It generally puts Kodak one stride in front of the opposition. By Identifying shopper needs and needs, Kodak Is ready to show the network precisely what was expressed In starting; that they comprehend what steal doing with regards to computerized innovation since they have assembled a business system to do as such. That is the genuine motivation behind this item. 2. What sort of new item was Shearer 1? The Shearer 1 was another oddity/imaginative item (advanced camera) intended to test the qualities and shortcoming of the mechanical market, to perceive what buyers bet in a computerized camera and what they didnt. It was a basic conservative, simple to use camera that held a 10 uber pixel, optical long range focal point. The camera really has the choice of a double focal point: a long range focal point in an extremely little bundle, and the other was a wide edge focal point for wide photography. It is additionally Wi-If fit for transferring photographs to standard over the Internet. It takes strong Images, particularly outside, with Its great 3-lunch contact screen LCD navigational showcase In the rear of the camera that offers 16 scene modes for advanced Imaging. It can amass to 1,500 Images and had a NUMB of inside memory support. Be that as it may, the entire promotion about the camera was focused on Wi-If ability, yet to Kodak, this was only a trial procedure to see where this sort of innovation would lead. The advanced elements was another test factor, to check whether purchasers would be held drawn in to the item and its one of a kind specifying, such as moving or straightforward symbolism. What the fundamental concentration for Kodak would be is to get the correct item out to the correct purchaser, and such a decent variety of shoppers consistently requests an assorted variety of items for those customers. . Talk about the item advancement process at Kodak. Since it Is basic to continually refresh and overhaul your item in the commercial center, the item advancement process Is an exceptionally serious procedure at Kodak. The main plan would be engaged around structure and convenience on account of the way that It Is an incredible promoting apparatus. Modern creators are assigned to make the item look great or engaging and buyer well disposed to grab the eye of the work process basic on their gadget that they are planning. Since they disentangle the genealogical parts of the item, this advances the idea that Kodak items are simpler to use over some other rivalry. At that point the client connection creator works explicitly with inner electronic plan, in this manner they make the item all the more energizing. The following and last advance would fall into the visual originators hands. They are predominately liable for doing designs or pictures for bundling; once more, an endeavor to get the purchasers consideration by viewing a container or show. At that point the item goes out to market and information breaking down is led month to month to see income for their new item.

Psychiatrist Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

Psychiatrist Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Being one of the most intriguing medical specialities, psychiatry is rather popular these days.Maybe even more than ever. On a daily basis, psychiatrists struggle to help people cope with multiple mental disorders thus improving the quality of their patients’ lives.Without these soul doctors, a vast number of individuals would not be able to deal with their mental ailments and disorders that prevent them from leading a normal life.Now, since you are reading this article, you must be a psychiatrist yourself, so I do not need to tell you about the heavy burden you carry every single day.We fully acknowledge that it takes guts and courage to be a psychiatrist and we thank you for being one.However, as a psychiatrist, you know that you cannot exercise your skills unless you are properly employed.And to get employed there are some steps you need to get through, such as presenting yourself to hospitals and other prospective employers, going on the interviews, waiting, and waiting.I know how frustrating this process can be, so I am here for you today to help you as best as I can.Maybe the most difficult and boring of these stages is writing a resume.Most of the times, you do not know what to do and how to write it. But, mark this.Your Resume is an ID of sorts that tells an employer who you are and what you can do.The whole idea behind is to find an appropriate template that is not sketchy (if you aren’t sure which one is right for you, we can offer our lovely resume template builder);The resume MUST be written in a strictly precise language;Organize and prioritize! Say only what truly matters and make it properly displayed;And yet, do not provide too many pieces of information.Scared, aren’t you? Well, don’t be.The remaining part of my modest writing will guide you through the resume writing process, giving you all the advantages by providing real-life examples and details steps.This will all help you find out how to professionally charm your next employer wit h a spotless resume.Psychiatry Resident Resume Example Right Certified Psychiatrist Resume Example Right Create your own resumeWith these two resumes, I conclude the sample part of my writing. The previous samples are an excellent example to follow since this is where you will find all the phrases and dirty little tricks.Still, don’t be fooled that the employers aren’t aware of these. They are, but they still fall for them.Anyways, keep reading to discover some actual guidelines on writing a resume that will help you get the job you want and deserve.At the same time, allow me to share with you the news how we have our resume template builder that can serve you just as well.TIME TO INTRODUCE YOU TO WRITING PERSONAL INFORMATION SECTIONWhen writing a resume, it is natural that you will have to follow a specific order. I gave you the practical example, and now we will go through it step by step.NameBeing a psychiatrist, you are absolutely aware of the importance of one’s identity. So, start your professional presentation by giving your full first and last name.Alina Torres or Mark Ba iley RightAlina Aloska Torres or Mark Bailman WrongTrough your profession and general knowledge of the world, you know that nicknames are an informal way to address someone, so you can omit them in your resume.Of course, you should give a false name under no circumstances. However: Pro TipUseful Tip:In case that you change your name legally and officially, make sure to update your resume accordingly. Otherwise, you’re in for some serious and pointless explaining process.ProfessionAgain, this is another identification point, so make sure to indicate it properly.Psychiatry Resident or Certified Psychiatrist RightResident/Postgraduate or Degree in Psychiatry WrongIn medical professions, you can also make use of abbreviations, since they are common knowledge, yet I strongly advise that you add the full title, at least in brackets.PhotoNow we come to a tricky part since adding a photo is a bit questionable issue in terms of political correctness. Not to go into too many details, I will just say â€" forget the groundless comments on how providing a photo is discrimination. Just go straight ahead and include one.Why? First of all, why shouldn’t you? Second of all, you will be working with people suffering from various and serious disorders, and you need to be absolutely confident about yourself.Omission to include a photo might indicate completely opposite, so feel free to add it. Anyhow, I will not insist any further, so this is completely up to you.Once you decide to add a photo, you know already that you can’t just choose any. To briefly remind you, here comes my list with yes and no when it comes to a photo in a resume.Photo instructionsPhoto of you alone taken against a neutral backgroundTidy and neat physical appearance in general (clothes, hair, beard, etc.)Light and minimum make-up (for ladies)Proper postureNatural facial expression (with a hint of a smile, eyes open) RightPhoto instructionsColourful and group photosMessy and untidy physical appea ranceInappropriate make-up (for ladies)Slouching or otherwise improper postureOverreactions in facial expressions (grin, laugh, eyes closed) WrongKeep it professional to be sure that you are leaving the right impression. Pro TipAdditional Tip:Use a photo of your chest-up.Phone NumberGiving a phone number is how you make it possible for employers to get in touch with you.So, don’t make a mistake to omit it or give an old number.To be in the clear, always check and make sure that it is updated in case you changed it.AddressIncluding your address is not obligatory, but yet it leaves a better impression overall.Anyhow, it is useful since it can, in a way, show your willingness to move place for work.Obviously, if you live in another state you would not apply for a job if you really did not want it that bad.It might also come in handy if the employer needs to send over some forms or other written documents.E-mail AddressYour e-mail address is another way for the employer to get in to uch with you.t_alina@gmail.com or b.mark87@gmail.com Rightpretty_alina@gmail.com or partyman@gmail.com WrongIf you use the e-mail address with some silly name or a nickname, don’t list it here. the reason is that your e-mail also needs to be neat and professional. Also, if you have multiple e-mail addresses, don’t give them all. One is just fine. Pro TipPro Tip:Take care that the e-mail address you include is easily pronounced and spelt. This is just to avoid confusion if you need to share it again over the phone. Don’t miss out a good opportunity just because someone misunderstood your e-mail address.SOCIAL MEDIA PROFILES â€" YES AND WHY NOT?Social networks a guilty pleasure of sorts, so it’s hard to believe that you do not have at least one of these accounts, even though you know how harmful they can be at times.Still, if you doubt whether to include these, then maybe don’t.But, if you still do, pay proper attention to what people can see about you here.So, as a free tip, I will just tell you to go to your settings and limit visibility so as to avoid being misunderstood or embarrassed.Still, there is one social network that is highly recommended as a part in your resume, and that is your LinkedIn account. It will give the proper pieces of information and the right work history and interest, as opposed to Facebook or similar.With social media profiles, we have fully covered the personal details so we can proceed to our next subheading. And, that isTHE ATTENTION GRABBER â€" SUMMARY SECTION  This is the section which takes up such a tiny space in your resume and yet is a rather effective one.As I’m talking about a quality-oriented part and not quantity, let me just tell you that here you need to rely on language and its proper use.And if you ask me how?, well, check this out!SummaryCertified medical transcriptionist/Psychiatry Residentwith over 6 years/ more than 4 years of related experienceSpecialized inwith the focus onBeing proactive (and put my skills and knowledge to practical use/ to use the acquired knowledge, skills and experience RightSummaryOmitting your profession/specialityWith experience/experiencedWeak language forms and non-descriptive language in generalBeing passive WrongIt is with the summary section that you catch the eye of the reader raising their interest in you as a potential employee.  For more in-depth information, check this summary section guide!And since I mentioned that language you use is of crucial importance, let me just briefly elaborate. If you say “psychologist looking for a job”, you are a) stating the obvious and b) sounding uninterested.On the other hand, when you say “put my skills and knowledge to practical use” you are showing your dedication and a strong desire to make a contribution to the new position.Again, use precise language and if you sometimes cannot achieve this with words, you can reach for numbers.Namely, “with experience” and “with more than 4 years of e xperience” tell a completely different story. And, I’m sure you know which one will serve you better and why.Moreover, should you write your resume as I indicated wrong, believe me, you will disqualify yourself almost immediately.As a psychiatrist, you must be at a certain (read, high!) level of written and oral communication, so if you scramble your resume, not even your extensive experience will do the trick for you.AND NOW YOU TELL THEM WHAT YOU CAN DO EXPERIENCE SECTIONWith this section, you are paving the way to your new job!This is where you finally convince the next employer you are right for them.And if you maybe lack the required experience, don’t be afraid to say so. You certainly will have some other qualities to compensate for this, such as your skills and education.When providing your experience details, know that you need to provide the full names of previous employers as well as the position you held in the company.Moreover, you will have to include a brief des cription of the position and/or tasks you were in charge of as well.Of course, before any of these, you will have to include the time period you spent working there. Pro TipExtra Tip:Do not give false details, since this is all easily checked and verified!See how this works in practice. Right WrongIf you have any concerns on how your experience section should look like, then know that the examples I provided are precisely what a potential employer wants to see in your resume. Everything I singled out in the column designated “Right” is what you need to incorporate in your own resume.These are the most typical phrases to use and as for the rest, just be honest what you did while you worked somewhere and take care that the language is technical, pertaining to your profession. Pro TipAdditional Tip:The jobs that are not related to what you are currently applying for are duly omitted from your resume. You do not want to bother the employer with irrelevant details that have nothing to do with the qualifications required for the job of a psychiatrist.By the way, let me remind you of our resume template builder! It is a perfect tool to get your resume done in a matter of minutes.Finally, just let me add that the professional experience is listed starting with the most rec ent one, and not vice versa.THE ROUGH PART OF EDUCATION (SECTION)Your education is listed immediately after the experience section. Now check this out. Right WrongJust like with your professional experience, under education, you also need to include full names of the educational institutions you attended.Same goes for the time period and the field of study.  There are many ways to put your education to work on your resume.What is interesting to note is that with education, you can only list the highest degree you obtained.However, our samples show a rather specific situation, so our applicant No. 1 listed the previous education in addition to currently pursuing a residency in psychiatry.As for our second candidate, in addition to his duly completed residency, he also listed the fellowship and board certification.In the end, let me tell you that education is also listed in the same way as experience, that is, in the reversed chronological order.SKILLS SECTION â€" IS LESS ACTUALLY MORE?Yes, it is!Prioritizing is what you need to do. And this is a perfect opportunity for me to tell you that this is how the employers want you to write the s kills section.SkillsHighly skilled in oral and written communication, especially exhibited in the interaction with patientsExcellent in/ProficientExceptionally calmHighly perceptive RightSkillsGood in communicationTalkativeCan handle stressNotices things WrongI already explained the benefits of strong language forms and language precision. Also, make adequate use of profession-related terms.And of course, use the phrases marked Right in abundance.It is hard to imagine nowadays that you can speak only your native language. Languages are a very important tool in your professional life in terms of research or communication with fellow professionals around the world. This is why the languages you speak are a special subset of your skills.Languages in Skills SectionEnglish/Russian/Spanish (native)German (Intermediate)English (Proficient) RightLanguages in Skills SectionEnglishGermanRussian WrongI don’t really think there’s the need to tell you that you should only list the langua ges you can use for meaningful communication. Again this is easily checked just like the level of your knowledge.The ending section of your resume is organized around general interests and activities you engage in when you have some spare time.Again, prioritizing is key. Just list those that you truly spend time doing. Otherwise, you’re just giving away too many irrelevant details. Pro TipPro Tip:Make sure to include only those activities that make you look good in the eyes of the employer.And, remember our resume template builder? Feel free to use it and make yourself that perfect CV.ADDITIONAL SHORT SWEET TIPS TRICKS:Duly and timely update your resume to avoid giving any false and/or incorrect data.Prioritize and adapt the resume to the position you are applying for; otherwise, you might end up sending a pointless list of irrelevant details.Always, without exceptions, double-check your writing for grammar or punctuation mistakes.Be precise, informative and interesting (my gui de told you how to achieve all of these).CONCLUSIONAll of us have faced various obstacles while looking for a job. Sometimes these obstacles are found even with the first step in your job quest. You often aren’t sure how to write the best possible presentation of yourself and your work-related skills.And even though psychiatry is an ever-developing speciality, you might often be perplexed how psychiatrists are having difficulties in getting hired. Now, this has come to an end!With this guide I prepared for you, you will write a brilliant resume quickly enough and you will be ready to send it to new employers without worrying if you did something wrong.Check out our resume builder and save tons of time while creating the most awesome CV ever!So once you get the job, the rest is upon you.You’re welcome! Create your own resume

IPSec and Network Security Essay - 669 Words

IPSec is a framework which utilizes a set of IETF protocols to offer end-to-end IP security using strong encryption, public and private key pair cryptography. IPSec secures communication links that could experience network security issues like corruption, eavesdropping, misused data etc (Pezeshki et al 2007) when not secured. However, using IPSec tends to also have an adverse effect on router utilization and overall network performance. One of the major issues with IPSec is performance degradation and throughput (Berger, 2006) which goes back to the complex authentication and encapsulation techniques. Data protection tends to increase required bandwidth; security transformation reduces performance and delays data processing and†¦show more content†¦Adding IPSec VPN technology appears to come with high data processing cost and additional complexity. IPSec is slow in establishing connection. This adds to delay in establishing authenticated connections degrading network service levels and user productivity (Pezeshki, et al.2007). Using IKE initially to negotiate security usually increases time of connection by one to three seconds depending on the network rounding time, policy design and required load on system to establish connection. IPSec protection tends to adds overheads to IP packets. The use of IKE, ESP, Cryptography and digital signature generation and Diffie-Hellman computations (Shue, et al 2007; Fujimoto and Takenaka, 2006) all cause overheads and this increases network utilization and reduces effective throughput especially when multiple clients connect to it simultaneously. The interaction of IPSec VPNs and firewalls in practice may cause problems (Berger, 2006; Adeyinka, 2008b). A strict firewall policy may prevent adoption of IPSec packets. 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The School For Prison Pipeline - 1834 Words

Introduction Throughout the U.S. there has been a cycle that keeps being repeated. That cycle is known as the school-to-prison pipeline where students are punished based off the policies that have been made by the school districts and court of law. Consequently, minorities have been disproportionately punished by schools and the justice system. You may be aware that the funding towards the school district is underfunded which leads to less resources and policies that enforce inequality of race throughout the school system. For example, 30 teachers had to be laid off due to budget cuts as well as a reduction of $350,000 in textbook purchases. This allowed less resources for students to get a better education. The less funded district is typically filled with minorities whom are affected by the school-to-prison pipeline. This essay will explain how policies are unfairly enforced in the school to prison pipeline, and the disproportion in punishment students of color receive. Setting the stage for school policies In the past, the rise of school violence created a fear for state and federal legislation so they took strict action on creating policies to ensure security throughout public schools. â€Å"The 1980’s and 1990’s spawned fear and media reports of young people, often minorities, committing horrific crimes, wilding events, and gang violence† (Mallet). In contradiction, most shootings in the past occurred in â€Å"safe† school districts- white, suburban, and middle class areasShow MoreRelatedThe School to Prison Pipeline2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students The School to Prison Pipeline: The Criminalization of American Students Kimberly N. Wright Western Governors University Introduction Your permanent record! The thing that was held over most of our heads when we were in school. Your teacher or maybe your parents threatened that your bad behavior was going to end up on your â€Å"permanent record† and ruin your life. We shrugged them off, thoughtRead MoreThe School Of Prison Pipeline Essay2154 Words   |  9 PagesThe school-to-prison pipeline in the United States is a figure of speech used to describe the increasing patterns of interaction students have with the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems as a consequence of procedures used by many school systems. A specific procedure would be the zero tolerance policies and the use of officers in schools. Currently in today’s American schools many children of color are being unfairly judged and treated by the public school systems zero tolerance policiesRead MoreThe School Of Prison Pipeline Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagespublic schools around the country is the school to prison pipeline epidem ic. The school to prison pipeline is a term used to describe how students are being pushed out of public school and into the criminal justice system. This epidemic is a result of the education system’s zero tolerance policy that enforces harsh punishments for misbehaving students. Although its goal was to eliminate misbehavior, studies have shown that the increased disciplinary actions have resulted in a modified school environmentRead MoreThe School For Prison Pipeline978 Words   |  4 Pageswhat has become a pressing question, is what is to become of the future if our youth are behind bars instead of in schools? Youth today are being pushed into the criminal justice system at an alarming rate. This issue is known as the school to prison pipeline ─ the rapid rate at which children are pushed out of schools and into the criminal justice system. The school to prison pipeline is a term that came into use by activists in the late 1970’s and has gained recognition throughout the years as theRead MoreSchool to Prison Pipeline1948 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Topic: School-to-Prison Pipeline Research Paper What is meant by the school-to-prison pipeline? What are ways to address this problem? The school-to-prison pipeline is a devastating part of reality for all too many students. The pipeline in definition is simply a term representing the tendency for certain students to easily end up in prison during or shortly after schooling. To decrease this tendency, it is important that teachers are aware of the issue andRead MoreSchool to Prison Pipeline2888 Words   |  12 PagesSchool-to-Prison Pipeline: Does the Current Educational System Demonize or Criminalize Our Youth? In today’s society our children go down one of two paths: become successful or become criminals. The question then must be asked: have we allowed our children to be tracked down such opposite paths by using discipline as an excuse? There may well be an argument that ultimately the school and prison system have nothing to do with one another; however, I believe they have become one in the sameRead MoreAlternatives For School And Prison Pipeline962 Words   |  4 PagesAlternatives to School-to-Prison Pipeline Changes to Viewing the System This problem in Americas school system does not have to continue this way. There are changes that can be made and policies that need to be changed in order to provide the proper access to education for all students. The Association of Mexican America Educators presents research done with educators of low-income Latino students and what they believe needs to be changed to provide well for students. The article shares four mainRead MoreBreaking The School Of Prison Pipeline859 Words   |  4 PagesBreaking the School-to-Prison Pipeline How would you feel if the outcome of your interaction with authority depended on whether you were black, Latino, or white? Unfortunately, police brutality is the sad reality that many black and Latino boys experience in their childhood. The disadvantages of their upbringing results to the reinforcement of societal restrictions on their success. On a positive note, education becomes salvation to marginalized group because it provides them means to escape theRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice School To Prison Pipeline634 Words   |  3 Pagesrelationship between educational institutions and the juvenile justice system which was once created to protect children, has displayed an ultimatum for minors through â€Å"zero tolerance† policies which results in sending individuals through the school to prison to pipeline. Studies have shown that these zero tolerance policies are not beneficial to students or the educational environment that should be guaranteed to children. Opponents argue that the policies promote safety, but through this research it canRead MoreLiterature Review Of School To Prison Pipeline970 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar to my question, â€Å"How is School to Prison Pipeline affecting juveniles around the United States?†. In 2014, Fader wrote an article called A Promising Approach to Narrowing the School-to-Prison Pipeline: The WISE Arrest Diversion Program. In the article, it mentions how the school to prison pipeline came about and how hard it is for a student who enters the school to prison pipeline to get out of it, there’s a stigma to the kids once they have entered the pipeline. By having an afterschool program

Adidas and its Ethical and CSR - 1441 Words

Ethics and corporate Social responsibility:- Ethics is defined as what is right and what is wrong. Every business should behave ethically. The moral principles that guide the way a business behaves are business Ethics. Ethics are moral guidelines to people or to an organisation which govern good behaviour. So behaving ethically is doing what is morally right. Doing an ethical business may always be not profitable but it will be more beneficial to company and the people involved in company as well as the people who are getting influenced by the company. If a company is acting ethically then it is trying to differentiate between right and wrong and then chose the right decision for everyone. It is very easy it identify any unethical†¦show more content†¦It provides a conceptual framework that enables Adidas stakeholders — from its 50,000 employees on through to suppliers, customers and communities — to better and more easily understand, assess and realize the multinational footwear and sportswear companyâ⠂¬â„¢s sustainability goals. Adidas 4Ps approach:- Recently Adidas have launched waterless dying technology known as DryDye technology. This technology instead of consuming 25 litters of water necessary to dye one t-shirt, the DryDye technology uses none–instead, the dye is injected using compressed carbon dioxide. The result is a garment using not only 50 percent less chemicals and energy, but in the long run has a lower environmental impact because the CO2-based dye actually lingers in the fabric longer. This concept helps in reduction of consumption of water in dying process. Before Adidas used to produce large number of samples for marketing purpose and we all know that samples produced where all wasteful. Now designers and marketers in Adidas are using Virtual technology which is far better and cost effective. In comparison to 2010 they have reduced the number of samples produced to 600000 in 2011/2012. It helps to save lot more of resources which would have being used in production of samples. Grievances in the supply chain via SMS, Recently in Adidas one of the largest footwear suppliers in Indonesia agreed to a pilotShow MoreRelatedReasons for CSR assignment2046 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿ This assignment will be based around Adidas, an argument will be contextualised regarding Adidas’s Social and Economic responsibility and why an organisation like Adidas chooses to deal with the externalities in the organisation, the drives of Adidas’s values and ethical approaches will also be assessed, including an overall conclusion based on my opinion of Adidas as a sustainable organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by Carroll as being split into four possibilitiesRead MoreOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike, and Reebok1079 Words   |  4 PagesOutsourcing Practices of Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok Introduction Apparel and shoe manufacturers continued to offload the more costly yet easily replicated part so their business models to concentrate on brand building, marketing, sales and attaining greater distribution channels globally. These are the pressures all apparel and shoe manufacturers face, and it is particularly challenging in the athletic show industry (Kynge, 2009). Adidas, Converse, Nike and Reebok have been outsourcingRead MoreThe Potential Benefits of Csr Relative to the Costs for Businesses and Their Stakeholders.1223 Words   |  5 PagesCSR is how companies control their business processes to provide an overall positive impact on society. There are many factors that determine how socially responsible a business is, but alongside these are the benefits and costs relating to the level of CSR produced in this essay, I will be analysing companies from the retail industry and a car manufacturer to discuss the potential costs and benefits to both business and their stakeholders of CSR. The Body Shop is well known for being an extremelyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Nike1312 Words   |  6 PagesWith enormous ethical issues and pressures facing the industry, many corporations have turned to enacting policies regarding corporate social responsibility. By adopting activities that work to aid society and the environment, corporations ultimately increase profits and improve brand image. Several organizations in the apparel industry have used socially responsible activities to rebuild reputations. Today, according to Nike’s official website, they define their â€Å"Nike Responsibility† as: â€Å"ExploreRead MoreNike Csr3496 Words   |  14 PagesNike CSR Corporate social responsibility can be defined as the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organisations at a given point in time (Carroll and Buchholtz 2003, p. 36). The concept of corporate social responsibility means that organizations have moral, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities to earn a fair return for investors and comply with the law. A traditional view of the corporation suggests that itsRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Its Impact On The Companys Daily Activities1266 Words   |  6 PagesBalance has to perform in order to have stronger and more successful CSR policy in the company. New Balance was founded in the early twentieth century by a waiter named William J. Riley and in 1972 it was bought by its current owners James and Anna Davis. As the owners of the company they managed to lead it to the fourth biggest brand in the shoe industry today. The footwear industry that contains super brands like Nike, Adidas and more is considered to be very competitive and it faces many challengesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities of Reebok3923 Words   |  16 Pagescommon practice of outsourcing in nations that lack comprehensive regulation and knowledge in labour standards has become a global concern due to violation of employees’ working condition and welfare. Consequently, a trend of increasing awareness in ethical governance attracted global attention while posing the question: how to effectively transform the notion of corporate social responsibility, consideration of social consequences from business decisions, to these profit-driven MNEs? Currently, theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility Of The International Organization1562 Words   |  7 PagesMohammed Bin Hamman was charged for bribery. FIFA’s stakeholders were, impacted, affecting 4 main Sponsors, Visa, who stand to be exposure to â€Å"fraud and money laundering† that could impact the organizations credibility, (Gibby, T. 2015, Coca-Cola, Adidas, and Emirates Airlines who were â€Å"disappointed† by the â€Å"issues surrounding the administration† and â€Å"warned that the ethics scandal which is impacting the game needs to be addressed†, CNN Wire Staff (2015), other stakeholders, Member Associations toRead MoreHow Can A Company Measure Its Competitive Advantage?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesor providing a higher quality through differentiation that costs more than the competitors product. In fact, companies that compete in the same industry and core business, such as Sony, Samsung, and Philips in the audiovisual industry, or Nike, adidas, and Puma in the clothing manufacturing industry, should understand the nature of the market and analyze the key factors that differentiate each one from the others. a company gain a competitive advantage in the market if: †¢ A company competes throughRead MoreA Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Nike, Inc.4463 Words   |  18 Pages †¢ Researching a company with such level of recognition supported easier access to information for internationally based team members. †¢ NIKE athletic shoes also supported the group’s ability to make comparisons with another company such as Adidas; †¢ Knowing that the company started very small and grew to what seems a limitless boundary seemed intriguing to us and promoted a desire to understand their financial growth. The team chose three significant websites: MSN Money, NIKE and Yahoo

IT Management Issues for Collection - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIT Management Issues for Collection andOrganization. Answer: Monet is a group of five holiday resorts that have merged their operations for the purpose of bringing more value to their customers and increasing their profit margins. The group provides its clients with an alternative method of booking as compared to the popular ones being used in the market. The main difference between their booking platform and the other popular ones are that clients get to deal with the group directly without having to go through any third party providers. An information system is a system which has been organized for the purpose of storage, collection, organization and communication of information (Bird, 2010). Computer information systems are systems which are comprised of computers and people who process and interpret information which is given to them. Information technology is the utilization of computers of retrieving, storing, transmitting, studying and manipulation of data. Monet group decided to use a single website to help their clients in their booking needs. The website which enables users to gain information on their various rates and booking destinations is what is referred to as an information system (McNurlin et al, 2009). The operations that are used and implemented to ensure the website is running and users can be able to make bookings is the act of harnessing information technology to bring more value to its clients as they increase their profits. Management decisions are a comprehensive list of actions that have been agreed upon by the management of a company after careful consideration of facts and the business environment in which they are in. From the following case study it can be concluded that the single holiday resorts had foreseen or were experiencing a lot of issues in doing business. For them to think of coming together to form a group of holiday resorts meant that they had deliberated both together and independently and establishe d that they would be in a better placed position to increase their profits by joining forces. They would also be able to bring more value to their customers as a merged group instead of them being independent. The group having merged together knew that in order for them to offer good rates and a personalized experience to their clients they would need to come up with their own booking platform such as a website. The use of their own booking platform would enable the group to control the design of the website, its content and the general overall experience a client would have when interacting with their website (McKeen Smith, 2003). Clients would get good prices and an exemplary experience because the merged group would not need to use the services of a third part such as booking.com who usually take a percentage from every booking which is made. Money Loyalty is a customer loyalty scheme in which the group has come up with that will be used to reward the customers who are loyal to them by giving them discounts on any bookings or meals they may have while on tour. They can also get free meals and tours so that they can know how much the group appreciates them for giving them the opportunit y to serve them. The customer loyalty scheme is also a way in which they can lure in more clients. If clients become aware of the benefits that come with being a loyal member of the group they are attracted to the group and would prefer to give them business as compared to other hospitality resorts who do not offer any rewards or appreciation to their loyal clientele (Rhane, 2009). There are interactive tools which can be implemented to ensure that customers can be able to choose which tours they would like to go on. It is said there is nothing better than the real thing. The use of pictures to give clients a description of what they can expect in a tour has been in use for many years. Pictures usually tell the story of the tour and its beautiful sceneries. With advancements in technology clients can be able to come closer and experience various destinations in a more realistic way (Zuppo, 2016). The use of virtual reality in giving clients a virtual tour of the various destinations being offered can give them a more personalized feel of what they should expect. This will also enable them to make a good choice in terms of the places they wish to tour based on their tastes and preferences. A video tour of the various destinations can also be done to give the clients a feel of the various destinations being offered at the comfort of their homes through the Monet booking website (Kedar, 2009). The video tour can be a video guide which is done by an individual or the group based on the actual experience of someone who has visited the various destinations before. The tour can give clients a good picture of what they can expect and which is the best destination for them based on their preference. Pictures with a paranoma effect can also be used to illuminate the various destinations being offered. Such pictures are geared towards clients who prefer a pictorial view of where they are going. The paranoma tools are used to make the pictures have wider angles so that they look continuous and they can give clients up to a 360 degree view of all the destinations being offered for them to choose to tour on (Ralston, Hemmendinger Reilly, 2000). An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is a system that is integrated with the main business processes in a company to provide an updated view of the business operations. An ERP systems enables a company which is utilizing it to have the ability to store, manage, collect and interpret data from their business operations (Dmaithan, 2016). Monet group is planning to have an integrated ERP system developed. This ERP system will be to help them manage their business processes for the purpose of ensuring they can serve their client efficiently. The ERP system will help them track their business resources and for them to have an updated status of their business commitments. The ERP will help the group serve their clients better in that all the business processes which occur within the group will be tracked and monitored to ensure there is never a gap which comes up. An example is monitoring the stock levels in the holiday resorts. The ERP will be able to show the current stock levels and easily update the business that they may need to restock their supplies so that they can meet the needs of their clients. An ERP system has many benefits which include organizing the workflows of an organization. An ERP system can be compromised of several applications such as an inventory control system and a payroll system all in one integrated unit. This will enable all the operations and workflows of the various departments within the group to be streamlined allowing very efficient workflows in running their business (Shaul Tauber, 2012). The ERP system can be accessed by anyone in the company. This is very beneficial in that users will not need to keep calling other departments to confirm stock levels or bookings availability. Everything will be updated on the ERP system where all employees can source for information and ease their workflows. The system will also ensure that clients can book rooms which are available only. If the rooms are full the client will be advised on this and they can choose other rooms being offered. The utilization of an ERP system within an organization plays a key role in the improvement of customer satisfaction (Butler, 2012). When most of the work is automated through the ERP system clients are able to interact with the business and gain the services they need with a lot of ease. The employees of the business are also in a position to serve their clients better because a huge load of their work is handled by the system. The ERP system also helps the company track their business operation s and needs (Mureell, 2005). In every business there needs a lot of planning to ensure that the business runs smoothly and delivers adequately to the needs of their clients. The ERP system can produce reports which can be analyzed and give the group a detail report of what they use in a period of time. It shows them when the peak season is and that is when they should order a lot of inventory and when it is low seasons and they should order minimal inventory to help them satisfy their needs and those of their clientele. Monet group has commissioned the creation of a web 4.0 level ultra-intelligent portal which is new and will help customers to be able to self-manage their accounts. The portal will also enable clients to customize their booking and shopping experience. A web 4.0 is an electronic agent that is intelligent and has the ability to recognize when you are in front of it. The agent utilizes little cameras which can be used for facial recognition to identify you and you can be able to pass on your personality to it as it learns from your preferences (Fowler Rodd, 2016). In essence this means that when Monet implement the Web 4.0 agent their clients will be able to interact with a very intelligent system that can learn based on their preferences and come up with results of the best destinations for them. The intelligent system will be able to pair a user with a unique destination based on their personality and preferences. Such a system can be very attractive to clients because all the work will be done for them all they will have to do is pack their bags and head off to their destinations (Chaudhuri, 2004). Advancements in technology are what bring about improved and intelligent systems for use in various aspects including business. Monet group have a website in which clients can be able to view the tours and accommodation they offer. The introduction of a Web 4.0 intelligent portal will improve the experience customers have while interacting and booking for the services Monet group offers. Clients will be able to manage their account on the portal which is very convenient for them (Olofson, 2009). They will be able to login to the system and view all the services being offered by Monet group and they can book when they wish to travel and the destination they intend to go to. The clients will also have the ability to customize their booking and shopping experience. For the clients this will mean they will have a lot of independence in designing and choosing the way in which they shop and book Monet group services. The clients can choose based on their preference on the products they wis h and the intelligent system will generate similar bookings and shopping items that are close to their chosen options or preferences. A web 4.0 portal for Monet group will mean that they have gone a step forward in improving the customer service experience in which they offer their clients. It will also mean that they will not have to employ a lot of labor in booking or shopping assistance for the clients (Ward, 2006). This is because the intelligent system will guide users appropriately on how to use the portal. The portal will also enable Monet group to gain more clients because it will eliminate any form of human limits the labor force might have had. The company will have the system running all the time, day and night which means that clients can login to the portal at any time and do their bookings and shopping even when the business representatives are not in the office. The direction Monet group is taking is a critical business development objective so that they may be able to grow their business and serve their clients effectively. They have considered the needs of their clients and adapted to them using advancements in technology to ensure that they remain relevant to their clientele. The merging of the five resorts into one group helps them save on cost by sharing on the resources they need such as developing a web 4.0 portal and having an ERP system (Welk, 2000). These systems being implemented independently by a single company can be very expensive and their merger has in effect improved their business by bringing more value to their clients. References Bird M. (2010). Modern Management Guide to Information Technology. Create Space. Butler J. G. (2012). A History of Information Technology and Systems. University of Arizona. Chaudhuri P. P. (2004). Computer Organization and Design. PHI Learning. Dmaithan A. (2016). Antecedents of ERP systems implementation success: a study on Jordanian healthcare sector. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. Emeralad 29 (4): 549. Fowler J Rodd E. (2016). Web 4.0: The Ultra Intelligent Electronic Agent is Coming. Retrieved from biothink.com. Kedar S. (2009). Database Management Systems. Technical Publications. McKeen J. D. Smith H. A. (2003). Making IT Happen: Critical Issues in IT Management. Wiley Series in Information Systems. McNurlin B. et al. (2009). Information Systems Management in Practice. Prentice Hall Mureell S. G. (2005). E-Business and ERP: Rapid Implementation and Project Planning. John Wiley and Sons Inc. p. 9. Olofson C.W. (2009). A Platform for Enterprise Data Services. IDC. Ralston A., Hemmendinger D. Reilly E. D. (2000). Encyclopedia of Computer Science. Nature Publishing Group. Rhane T. (2009). IT Managers and Project Management, PM HUT. Shaul L. Tauber D. (2012). CSFs along ERP life-cycle in SMEs: a field study. Industrial Management and Data Systems. 112 (3): 360 - 384. Ward P., Dafoulas G. S. (2006). Database Management Systems. Cengage Learning EMEA. Welk M. (2000). Computer Science and Communications. Dictionary. Springer Zuppo C. M. (2016). Defining ICT in a Boundaryless World: The Development of a Working Hierarchy. International Journal of Managing Information Technology.

Animal Experimentation free essay sample

If you are a pet owner, like many you dont wish for any harm to come to them or any other animal for that matter. However in this world there are organizations that mistreat animals and experiment on common house hold pets such as dogs or cats. The two reason for animal testing are First, to find out more about the animals themselves, and, secondly to test substances and procedures to see if they are harmful (with a view to find out if they are harmful to human beings) (Dixon). Through these experiments they have made great medical breakthroughs, but at hat cost? One hundred million of animals are killed every year to find treatments for human diseases. Animal are put through a great amount of pain and suffer to ultimately reduce the suffering of humans, But is it worth the suffering of another living being? There are better more effective ways to limit the suffering of humans and not harm another living creature. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Experimentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Biomedical research needs to pull away from animal testing and embrace the new alternatives of the 21st century. Through animal testing, researchers have been able to improve the quality and life expectancy for humans. If we compare life from last century to our current one anyone can see that the death rate has gone down because of the medical advancements that were made possible by animal testing. There have been a lot of important advancements in medical research through animal testing. Insulin vaccines, vitamin, the immune system, and many of the HIVE and cancer treatments we use today were discovered through animal testing. In 1628, William Harvey published his famous work De Motto Cords. In it he writes about his discovery of blood pressure by pumping blood through the heart of over 30 different animal species including man. His discovery helped lead to treatments for high blood pressure and a better understanding of the physiology of man and animal. However, that was in the past. There are new alternatives to animal testing that yield better results and have less animal casualties. Animal testing has led too large number of medical advancements and should not be stopped. The reduction of human suffering is the highest priority. If a human can be saved from suffering and even death then is should be Justifiable to allow animal suffering. Researchers have had the ability to discover major medical breakthroughs through the use of animal testing. Breakthroughs such as insulin, many of the vaccines (smallpox, chickenpox, tetanus, and many more) used today, and the treatments we use for HIVE and cancer patients. Dry. Joseph Murray, a Nobel Prize winner agrees that through animal research we will be able to find a cure for aids. However, what rights do we as humans have to force another living creature to endure any type of pain and suffering? Animal research is expensive, time consuming, and overall unreliable. It is important that all drugs be tested on animals before putting them onto the market. To be sure that a drug or antibiotic is safe for a unman it should first be tested on an animal. One of the most crucial tests is the mouse protection test. A mouse or rat is ideal in animal testing because of their small size and short life span. A mouse is given a vaccine then tested to see how well it is protected from the infection. The best way to know if a vaccine is safe and effective is many other products can only be sold after they are tested because, animal testing is one of the most reliable ways to test the safety of not only medicine, but other products. To ban animal experimentation would be to paralyze modern medicine (Dixon). Humans can only be tested if they have given their consent to the test. With this is in mind it is unfair for animals to endure the many painful tests that are forced upon them every year. While there are similarities, keep in mind that animals have a very different physiological structure than humans. These differences cause humans to react to certain stimuli very differently than the animals they are tested on. There are many problems facing animal research. Animals are put through endless suffering during the animal tests. They are put into isolation, and forced to suffer through disease or injury and are not properly anesthetized, and re often euthanized at the end of the trial. Even before the trial begins animals are treated roughly for not cooperating, and transported under unacceptable conditions (Animal Research). Most animal testing is done on animals like rats and mice that are nothing like humans and therefore, are not very reliable in showing how a human would react to the vaccine. In many trials drugs that fail in animal tests, do not continue on to be tested in humans. Some of the drugs could have been effective to humans will never be known because the tests did not continue on to be tested on humans to find out the effects. It is unclear how often this happens since the drugs are never tested on humans. According to Mike Alleviate, Secretary of Health and Human Services, nine out of ten drugs fail in clinical studies (Animal Research) because we cannot predict how they will react in humans without testing the drugs first in humans before putting them on the market. A huge concern with animal testing is the sheer cost of the experiments. According to Nobel Prize winner, Dry. Joshua Elderberry we are spending two to three hundred million dollars a year. In his statement he calls the money we are spending on animal testing worthless. It is cheaper to use the alternative method of Vito testing to replace animal testing. Many of the Vito testing methods are half the cost or less than that of traditional animal testing. Pfizer reported in 2004 that it had wasted over two billion in testing methods that failed in human testing. The millions that are spent on faulty testing methods should instead be used to help fund alternative methods that will overcome all the scientific problems and ethical problems of animal models. Advocates of animal experimentations have overstated the achievements that animal testing has made. During the animal trials animals are under different conditions than a human would be when taking the drug. Animals are put under stress and sometimes may suffer from physiological and abnormal behaviors. This could cause the drug to react differently to the animal than it would to a human who is in a natural environment. There have been reported drug failures in the I-J, nearly causing the death of the human study volunteers. This is evidence that animal models cannot properly demonstrate the outcome of real world events. This is also proof that alternative methods need to be taken more seriously. Many of the drugs that are put on the market after animal testing are later removed because of harmful side effect that accrued with humans. According to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) there have recently been a lot of complaints about approved drugs causing serious and these products from the market or have black box warnings put on the labels. To reduce the suffering of animals we need to follow the three ors: reduction, replacement, and refinement. To reduce animal suffering we first must reduce the number of animals used. A reduction method must provide the same amount of information without the use of as many animals. By removing the pain an animal suffers or minimizing the pain we are refining animal experimentation. To replace animal experiments meaner to have an alternative method of testing that gives researchers the same amount of results. There is one major alternative to animal testing that costs about half of traditional animal testing yielding even better results. That alternative is growing cell cultures from human cells or Vito testing. Another benefit to using cell cultures is that when a vaccine is found through cell cultures is n a pure state that eliminates the need for safety testing. Other alternatives to animal testing include human clinical studies, computer modeling or silicon biology which are very fast and could speed up some animal testing that could take months or years in normal clinical trials, Synthetic membranes that can eliminate the traditional testing of shaving the fur of an animal and applying a corrosive chemical to the bare skin to see its effects, MR., and autopsy. Each of these methods are less expensive and provides better results than animal experimentation. There have en a number of medical breakthroughs because of animal testing. However, the amount of animals lost is much greater. Over one hundred million animals are used in animal trails each year. In these trials, animals are infected with disease and are treated harshly. These animals suffer through so much unnecessary pain. All these animals are put through this torture because the researchers want to limit human suffering. The many drugs that are put on the market after deemed safe by animal testing though are often recalled because, like the FDA, they companies that market hem receive complaints about how the drugs were ineffective or led to harmful side effects. There is no reason we should still be using animal testing when there are better, cheaper meaner, for alternatives tests that ultimately yield better results. Alternatives such as, cell cultures grown from human cells that have better results through testing, are half the costs or less than that of animal trials, and in some cases eliminate the need for safety testing. Now is the time for animal research to disappear and for researchers to embrace the new methods. This way no one person ill have to choose between animal life and medical advancements.

Project Proposal Template Essays

Project Proposal Template Essays Project Proposal Template Essay Project Proposal Template Essay Project Proposal Template Cover Page United Nations Voluntary Fund on Disability Project title: Name of implementing agent(s): Project location: Proposed starting date: Project duration: Amount requested from Voluntary Fund (US$): Government inputs: Implementing agent inputs: Other donor inputs: Brief summary description of the project proposal: Describe problem addressed, proposed solution, expected results, intended beneficiaries and reason(s) why assistance is requested from the Voluntary Fund. Body of Project Proposal The Voluntary Fund project proposal template has five sections: I. Background and justification of the project II. Objectives of the project III. Expected results of the project IV. Project implementation and management V. Project budget I. BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION This section should provide a brief introduction to the current social and economic situation related to the geographic region and beneficiaries of the project. The background should also describe:   the problem or critical issue which the proposal seeks to resolve how the proposal relates to other relevant national development strategies and policies whether there are other programmes and activities which will complement the proposal how the need for the project was determined how intended beneficiaries were involved in project identification and planning what kind of assistance the concerned governmental offices will provide what kind of resources the non-governmental community will provide If a non-governmental organization has prepared the proposal, it is important to describe how concerned governmental officials were made aware of and/or were involved in project formulation. Finally, the section should describe the relevant experience and capabilities of the project Implementing Agent, and the type and level of resources that the Implementing Agent will provide for project planning, implementation management and follow up. II. OBJECTIVES A. Development objective The section should describe the way in project objectives are addressed in national development strategies and policies, in terms of specific programmes and how the proposed project will relate to these strategies and policies. The discussion should indicate the specific national social and economic objectives to which the proposal, if successful, is expected to contribute, and how this is expected to contribute to improved well being and livelihood of the project beneficiaries and the larger community. B. Immediate objectives The immediate objectives section describes what the project is expected to achieve in terms of effects among intended beneficiaries. Specifically, the section discusses what changes are expected to occur among intended beneficiaries if project operations are successful. Changes can include new and improved technical skills and knowledge, increased income-generating capacities, and greater public awareness at the community, national, regional or international levels. The section should also discuss whether project operations, if successful, will be extended to other locations as well as and whether the project experience can be applied to other sectors. III. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN A. Expected project results The section should describe the overall results that the project is expected to. The discussion should also discuss whether there may be unintended effects of the project, and how these possibilities will be addressed. The discussion should indicate in quantitative terms, to the extent possible, what the project will produce through its planned activities and budget. B. Project activities and work plan The section should describe how each immediate project objective will be carried out in terms of planned activities, their timing and duration, and who will be responsible for each activity. This can be summarized in a simple table. C. Project Beneficiaries This section describes who and how many people are expected to benefit from the project, both directly and indirectly. It should also discuss how intended beneficiaries have been involved in project design, and their expected role in project implementation and evaluation. D. Implementing agent management of project This section should describe: who will be responsible for planning and management of project operations as well as the roles of other bodies and organizations associated with the project what arrangements will be established to ensure that there will be effective coordination with other relevant programmes and activities. The section should also discuss whether project operations are expected to continue, or expand to other areas or sectors, once the current phase of assistance is completed. This could include plans for introducing self-financing provisions to ensure continued viability of operations on project completion. IV. PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION This section should discuss proposed mechanisms and procedures for monitoring of project operations to ensure that activities occur as planned, that they remain directed towards stated objectives, and that appropriate orrective action is taken if required. Specifically the discussion should indicate who will be responsible for preparing periodic project progress and final technical reports and for the accounting of expenditures made from the Voluntary Fund. All projects need to be evaluated on completion. This section should also identify the party who will responsible for this task as well as how intended beneficiaries will be involved. V. BUDG ET The budget for the Voluntary Fund should be prepared in U. S. dollars. An additional budget should be prepared to describe the budget components to be financed by Government, Project Implementing Agent and other parties participating in the project. This additional budget can be in local currency, but the equivalent in U. S. dollars should be indicated. A description of the budget template line items and a budget template follow: 10. 00   Project Personnel: The resources of the Voluntary Fund can finance project personnel specialized needed to plan and carry out the project or specialized consultant services required to accomplish a specific project objective. Salaries and consultancy feeds should be reflective of local prevailing conditions. The Voluntary Fund does not prioritize projects with high personnel costs. 11. 01  Ã‚  Ã‚   International Experts: for international personnel working for more than six months on the project. Job description/Terms of reference should be included in project document. 11. 50  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consultants: for personnel working for less than six months on the project. Job description/Terms of reference should be included in project document. 13. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Administrative Support: for clerical and related support tasks. Please note that financing of project support personnel is not a priority for the Voluntary Fund. 15. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Official Travel of Project Personnel 17. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Professional Project Personnel. Job description/Terms of reference should be included in project document. 20. 00   Subcontracts: This component pertains to specialized services provided the project by an outside contractor. Each subcontract will require a separate budget line; subcontractor terms of reference should be attached as an annex to the project document. 30. 00   Training: 32. 0  Ã‚   Group training and study tours: organized training programmes and study tours conducted outside the country of the project; group training normally does not exceed two months and study tours normally are one month or less 33. 00  Ã‚   In service training: cost of individual and group training organized and conducted in the country of the project. 40. 00   Equipment: 41. 00  Ã‚   Expendable equipment: i tems of equipment, supplies or training materials valued at less than US$400; 42. 00  Ã‚   Non expendable equipment: items of equipment valued at US$400 or more or which have a serviceable life of five years or more. NOTE: Normally the resources of the Voluntary Fund will only support acquisition of equipment needed for training or applied research. 43. 00  Ã‚   Premises: The Voluntary Fund will not fund costs for premises (construction, rent, utilities). This line item should only be used to indicate any contributions from other donors, the government, or the implementing agent. 50. 00   Miscellaneous: 51. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operation, Maintenance and Repair of Equipment: operation and maintenance of project equipment that cannot be covered by the host government or the project implementing agent 52. 0  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publications and Report Costs: report costs, which may include the reproduction of a reasonable number of copies of project technical and final reports 53. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sundry and Communications: official postage, communications and incidental supplies Project Budget Template Name of project Name of Implementing agent 10 Project Personnel 11. 01  Ã‚  Ã‚   International Experts 11. 50  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consultants 11. 99  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subtotal: Personnel 13. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Administrative Support 15. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Official Travel 17. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   National Professional Project Personnel 9. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Component Total 20  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subcontracts 21. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Subcontract #1 29. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Component Total 30  Ã‚  Ã‚   Training 32. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Group Training / Study Tours 33. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   In-service Training 39. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Component Total 40  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equipment 41. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Expendable Equipment 42. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Non-Expendable Equipment 43. 00   Ã‚  Ã‚   Premises 49. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Component Total 50  Ã‚  Ã‚   Miscellaneous 51. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operation, Maintenance and Repair of Equipment 52. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publications and Report Costs 53. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sundry, and Communications 59. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Component Total 99. 00  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grand Total

Trust Circles and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Trust Circles and Communication - Essay Example This dissertation will prompt a debate into the methodologies and systems attached to this trend in terms of effectiveness and practical experience through the analysis that has been carried out by the author. Trust Circles may be defined as the creation of circles within which the students can develop interpersonal skills. These circles are meant to help the children talk and communicate in order to understand and to be better understood. The following are the main elements of trust circles or what is commonly referred to as circle time: (Kidd, 2003) There is use of a "talking object" which the children can identify with. This gives them the comfort level to talk, and creates a sense of discipline so that they do not all talk at once because only the person holding the talking object can talk. The teacher monitors who the object goes to. Communication is key in teaching. This involves two-way communication - from the teachers and from the students. In this regard, trust circles are best utilized in an environment driven by intrinsic motivation so as to develop communicative competencies through methodologies based in competition and cooperation - both of which are interactive in nature. This helps the students rise to challenges and make the best of various situations through appropriate communication methods. (Kidd, 2003) The reason I feel that this framework supports the use of technologies like multimedia through an emphasis on motivation and affective filter hypothesis, revolves around the fact that the trust circles try to promote better means of communication between all kinds of professionals. It provides the requisite standards within which educational administrators, course designers, and teachers, teacher trainers, examining bodies, etc., may design their sessions to accommodate to varied needs. (Kidd, 2003) Further, the framework presents a wide scope within its standards to reach into an individual's latent energy by separating the elements of language competence so as to effectively deal with complexities that arise in learning various things and developing interpersonal skills in the process. This taxonomic nature of the framework of trust circles and circle time also offers a wide scope for a deep analysis of psychological and pedagogical problems. This in turn helps apply the principles of the motivational models in context of the affective filter hypothesis. Therefore, through an emphasis on the communication approach, the Framework creates a separation of the elements that contribute to competency, by playing the role of a social agent in an intercultural environment. (Shekhan, 1995) For a healthy development of these elements, the use of methods like trust circles is justified. This is also a departure of the traditional methods of promoting

Is DES cipher not security anymore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Is DES cipher not security anymore - Essay Example Although DES are still being used as a means of encryption by many organizations and governments, DES has significantly deprecated and is no longer secure as just anyone with a little technical know-how and time can break into the cryptographic keys. However, this does not mean that DES cipher should never be used all. It only means that it is important to evaluate the value of the information to be protected, both to the attacker and to the owner, and fully grasp the nature of the risks before making the decision to use Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher. According to Stallings (2006, p.73), DES may still provide security if used in situations involving no real threats such as when encrypting files on a family PC. In conclusion, in view of the contemporary threats, DES algorithm offers very little deterrence for any determined adversary and should never be considered to be secure. Using more efficient and stronger cryptographic algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and 3DES among others may provide better

Proposal for Obesity Management Programme

Proposal for Obesity Management Programme OBESITY PROGRAMEE: â€Å"FITNESS FOR FULFILMENT† Kathiravan Pillay Kumar Abstract The world has seen a rise in the issue of obesity and its effects on the biological, psychological and social wellbeing of individuals. This proposal reviews literature in relation to the causes as well as effects on obesity specifically targeted at children between the ages of 6 – 18 years old and evaluates current programs in place to curb the rise in obesity. Programs from both the United States as well as Singapore are used to analyse the western and Asian perspectives on tackling the issue of obesity. The proposed program would be aimed at reducing social stigma and increasing self-esteem that past or current programs do not address. The program will be made up of three phases which include implementation, motivation and feedback as well as evaluation of the entire program’s effectiveness. Feasibility and efficacy of instilling the program are also discussed. Introduction and Review on Obesity Obesity has been an issue present through various generations and is one faced by many nations worldwide. Recent years has seen a rise in the levels of obesity especially in western nations but is currently seen to be a growing issue even in Asian nations (Ramachandran Snehalatha, 2010). Based on recent findings by Ogden, Carroll, Kit and Flegal (2014) an estimated two third of the adult population in the United States are overweight or obese with about one third of school going children also falling under this category. A growing trend is also seen in Asia where findings in Singapore indicate that approximately one in nine Singaporean adults between the age ranges of 18 to 69 were considered to be obese in 2010 with obesity rates said to be increasing at an estimated 1 percent per year (â€Å"One in nine Singaporean†, 2014). Multiple factors have been suggested as causes to obesity, often focusing on mainly physical and psychological factors. General physical causes of obesity are often due to genetic factors that cause abnormalities in fat cell metabolism and metabolic defects or simply having a sedentary lifestyle (Bray, York DeLany, 1992). There are also various psychological conditions or disorders that have been suggested to lead to obesity however depression is considered to be the main cause of it as evidenced in Blaine’s (2008) study which indicated that individuals who were depressed were proven to be at significantly higher risk of becoming obese. Obesity is also often comorbid with depression and other eating disorders Blaine’s (2008). The key area of concern especially in recent times would be the effects of obesity on the individual as well as society as a whole. Numerous studies have been done to show the physical and psychological effects that obesity has on an individual. Physical aspects often include the risk of contracting illnesses such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes (Sturm, 2002). Psychological effects tend to focus on an individual’s body dissatisfaction and self-image (Wardle Cooke, 2005) as well as well as psychosocial effects such as negative experiences through weight bias at home, in school, at work, through the media and even health and fitness areas (Amianto, Lavagnino, Abbate-Daga Fassino, 2011). Evaluation on Obesity Related Programmes Over the years there have been many programs put into place by governments and private agencies around the world that have been aimed to curb obesity. One key program introduced in the United States was the HEROES Initiative which targets tackling issues on childhood obesity (King et. al, 2014). The HEROES Initiative is a grant-funded intervention that targets schools to play a vital role in educating youth in obesity related behaviours (King et. al, 2014). The key aims of this this initiative would be to take a comprehensive school health approach that decreases childhood obesity that in turn promotes healthy lifestyle habits among students as well as their families and also the school staff (King et. al, 2014). Key features that make the intervention unique would be that it offers a supportive means for participating schools by providing regular oversight, significant funding and various implementation strategies that are catered to a particular needs for certain schools depending on the district and neighbourhood that they are located in (King et. al, 2014). This initiative also enables schools to have a sense of ownership over assessing the needs of their students and in turn coming out with a plan to implement certain strategies for changes in the school’s health programs (King et. al, 2014). The key feature in maintaining the effectiveness of this program would be the strong emphasis on an annual cycle of evaluation and assessment on opportunities in enhancing the program to cater to the needs of the students which turn increases the intervention’s efficacy (King et. al, 2014). The evaluation process was broken down into 3 main areas. The process evaluation stage, school level outcome evaluation and student level outcome evaluation (King et. al, 2014). The process evaluation stage is carried out by site visits to schools to view their administrative processes in carrying out health promotion as well as inspection of the school’s general environment and conducting interviews with the staff to determine challenging areas (King et. al, 2014). Feedback on information obtained is given to the staff as a means to address these issues (King et. al, 2014). In the school level outcome evaluation, assessments are made to the systemic changes in promoting healthy behaviour and reducing obesity rates in the students. The school level outcome evaluation is based on domains relating to physical education/activity, nutrition education, food service, staff wellness, as well as family and community involvement (King et. al, 2014). The student level outcome evaluation , focuses on understanding the changes in behaviour and knowledge in relation to obesity and its effects (King et. al, 2014). This done through weight measurements as well as surveys and quizzes to identify student’s knowledge about obesity (King et. al, 2014). With regard to the effectiveness of this initiative, evaluation between the periods of 2011-2012 showed a significant amount of variability between schools. Based on results obtained from the process and school level evaluation outcomes, it was found that the school’s processes were well implemented however some schools found difficulties in coming up with new or improved health and wellness related policies (King et. al, 2014). Based on the student level outcome evaluation it was found that small but significant changes were made in terms of behaviour and mindset of the students (King et. al, 2014). Students were also more engaged in rigorous physical activities in comparison to the baseline from first 18 months of the intervention (King et. al, 2014). However a set back to the intervention was that changes to behaviour were mostly found in overweight students rather than students who were already obese. In relation to the Asian context, there have been various health related programs and promotions carried out in Singapore. The Singapore health promotion board has come up with various programs and initiatives to promote healthy lifestyle practices to prevent conditions such as obesity. Programs such as the 1 million kg challenge, aims to encourage individuals to lose weight by allowing them to set a weight loss target then setting a period for them to lose this weight. If individuals are able to lose the amount of weight within the given time frame they are rewarded with certain incentives and prizes (â€Å"1 million kg challenge†, 2014). In relation to health promotion in schools, a key program that was introduced in the early 90s was the National Physical Fitness Award Test (NAPFA) and the TAF (Trim and Fit) scheme which aimed to increase physical activity and reduce the weight of overweight and obese students in both the primary and secondary levels of education (Gupta et. al, 2010). The TAF program basically tasked students with physical activities before and after the school day (Gupta et. al, 2010). The initiative was a success in the 90s with obesity levels dropping between 10-17% in students (Gupta et. al, 2010). Success of the TAF scheme would later bring about a collaboration between the Singapore Health Promotion Board and the World Health Organisation to introduce a HPB-MOE bi-annual award aimed at targeting the healthy development of students and awarding schools for good health practices (Gupta et. al, 2010). Challenges faced in the TAF program as well as similar programs introduced in Korea as mentioned by Shin and Shin (2008) was that such programs bring about a sort of negative stigma to students involved. Student then tend to become highly self-conscious and develop body dissatisfaction which in turn effects their self-esteem (Shin Shin, 2008). This is often the result of segregation from their peers due to their weight and appearance and this segregation is further contributed by schools who single out overweight or obese individuals to be part of such programs (Shin Shin, 2008). This effect could in turn lead to depression which has been established as a cause for obesity and would hence defeat the whole purpose of having such health promotion programs. Proposed Health Program Having identified the causes and effects of obesity as well as certain health programs available both on the western and Asian context along with their strengths and weaknesses, an alternative health program could be developed. Through analysing the health programs available in both the United States and Singapore, a program catering specifically to the needs of students between the ages of 6 – 18 year olds could be proposed. The program will be entitled the â€Å"Fitness for Fulfilment Programme† (FFFP) catered specifically in the Singaporean context. The program is also given a name that does not infer or refer to obesity so as to prevent any form of social stigma relating to obesity. The main goals of the program would be to reduce the weight of overweight and obese students but to do so in a manner that will not cause stigmatization or embarrassment. The program would also further aim to instil a healthy mindset in these students and encourage them to maintain healt hy behaviour well into adulthood. The FFFP will mainly be broken down into three key phases. The first phase will be the implementation phase which will introduce rigorous exercise specifically catered to losing weight for obese children. These exercises will be done during school hours as part of an enhanced physical education program and these obese students will carry out their activities together with other students so as to limit any sense of being ostracised. The enhanced physical education program will target the specific needs of each student be it normal weight students or overweight or obese students by focusing on their weak physical areas that are limiting them from passing or getting a good grade on their NAPFA test. The fitness program will be one that gradually increases in rigorousness so as to allow the students time to condition themselves to its requirements. Another key feature of the implementation phase would be the enforcement of strict diet practices during the school day. Since schools are al ready given guidelines by the Health Promotion Board on the type of food to be served, there must be a form of enforcement that ensures that students are getting the appropriate meals. Therefore there should be two to three staff on canteen duty to ensure that proper meals are being served to the students and that obese children are getting sufficient food but maintained at healthy levels. The second phase of the FFFP would the feedback and motivation phase. This would be a key feature of the program as it caters to the psychological well-being of the students involved. This phase will be implemented during the first and last session of the enhanced physical education program. During these sessions, time will be set aside for instructors to carry out one on one interviews or feedback sessions with the students which will aim to understand the challenges that they face with physical exercise as well as issues they have with motivating themselves to indulge in physical exercise. With knowledge of the challenges that individual students face, instructors can cater their physical education session to better accommodate to both the strengths and the weaknesses of the students. This will facilitate a more positive outlook in carrying out physical exercise and encourage students to put in a greater effort and hence may lead better physical results and lower obesity levels. An other aspect of this phase would be educating other students in the challenges that overweight and obese students. Students will be taught to encourage and motivate rather than stigmatize or humiliate their overweight or obese peers. The final phase of this program will be the evaluation phase. Ideally a review council should be formed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program at national level. This phase will be similar to the HEROES initiative evaluation process used in the United States, but will comprise of two instead of three key parts of the evaluation process of the effectiveness of the program. The process and school level evaluation will be combined into one. This part of the evaluation process will seek to understand the challenges that the staff have with the FFFP through means of interviews as well as on site assessments of the program in action. Availability of proper equipment and exercise facilities in the school will be key points at this level of evaluation. The next part of the evaluation will be at the student level, the review council will assess data relating to changes in weight as well as NAPFA standards and also find out the level of knowledge that students have with regard to healthy behaviour through surveys and quizzes which can be done through the internet. The evaluation process should be done annually and aim to identify problem areas so that newer and improved implementation could be introduced in the following years. The feasibility and efficacy of the FFFP would depend on the amount support through funding from private agencies or the government as well as having instructors who are trained in not only physical aspects of exercise and healthy lifestyle but also with the psychological capability to deal and understand the needs and challenges for individual students to overcome obesity. References Amianto, F., Lavagnino, L., Abbate-Daga, G., Fassino, S. (2011). The forgotten psychosocial dimension of the obesity epidemic.The Lancet, 378(9805), e8 Blaine, B. (2008). Does depression cause obesity? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of depression and weight control.Journal of health psychology,13(8), 1190-1197. Bray, G. A., York, B., DeLany, J. (1992). A survey of the opinions of obesity experts on the causes and treatment of obesity.The American journal of clinical nutrition,55(1 Suppl), 151S-154S. Gupta, N., Chin, M. K., Yang, J., Balasekaran, G., Chia, M., Girandola, R. N., Mok, M. M. C. (2010). Obesity prevention in Singapore: Collaborative efforts among government, health professionals and the community. King, M. H., Lederer, A. M., Sovinski, D., Knoblock, H. M., Meade, R. K., Seo, D. C., Kim, N. (2014). Implementation and Evaluation of the HEROES Initiative A Tri-State Coordinated School Health Program to Reduce Childhood Obesity.Health promotion practice,15(3), 395-405. Ogden C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B.K., Flegal K. M. (2014). Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012.Journal of the American Medical Association,311(8), 806-814. One in nine Singaporean adults were obese in 2010: Survey (2014, January 17).Today.Retrieved from http://www.todayonline.com/daily-focus/health/one-nine- singaporean-adults-were-obese-2010-survey One million kg challenge. (2014). Retrieved August 21, 2014, from http://www.hpb.gov.sg/ References Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C. (2010). Rising burden of obesity in Asia.Journal of obesity,2010. Shin, N. Y., Shin, M. S. (2008). Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, and depression in obese Korean children.The Journal of pediatrics,152(4), 502-506 Sturm, R. (2002). The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs.Health Affairs,21(2), 245-253. Wardle, J., Cooke, L. (2005). The impact of obesity on psychological well-being.Best Practice Research Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,19(3), 421-440.